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Knowledge Shorts

One idea per card, short enough to finish in half a minute. 100 cards on money, safety, health, the mind and everyday life.

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Emergency 1 / 100

The first thing to do when someone collapses

Tap their shoulder to check for a response. If there is none, point at one specific person and say "You in the blue shirt, call emergency services." Shouting at a crowd makes everyone assume someone else will act. If breathing is absent or abnormal, push hard on the centre of the chest 100-120 times a minute, about 5cm deep.

KEYIf you are untrained, hands-only compressions are enough. Skip the rescue breaths.

Emergency 2 / 100

Spot a stroke with three checks: face, arms, speech

Ask them to smile and watch for one side drooping. Ask them to raise both arms and see if one drifts down. Ask them to repeat a short sentence. Any one of these failing means call emergency services now.

KEYClot-busting treatment usually only works within about 4.5 hours of onset. Note the time symptoms started.

Emergency 3 / 100

Why you should never put ice on a burn

Ice further cuts blood flow to tissue that is already damaged, deepening the injury. Cool the burn under running cold tap water for 15-20 minutes instead. Do not pop blisters, and do not pull off clothing that has stuck to the skin.

KEYHome remedies like butter or oil trap heat, invite infection and make it harder for a doctor to assess the wound.

Emergency 4 / 100

If they cannot speak, back slaps are not the answer

If the person can cough, let them keep coughing. If they make no sound and clutch their throat, the airway is fully blocked. Stand behind them and give quick inward and upward thrusts with your fist between the navel and the breastbone.

KEYAlone? Press that same spot against the back of a chair or a table edge and drive your weight down into it.

Safety 5 / 100

In a fire, touch the door handle first

A hot handle means flames on the other side. Do not open it: seal the gaps with wet cloth and wait at a window to be seen. If the handle is cool, open it a crack rather than shouldering through, and check for heat and smoke.

KEYMost fire deaths come from smoke, not flames. Stay low and cover your nose and mouth.

Safety 6 / 100

Caught in a rip current? Do not swim for the beach

A rip is a narrow channel of water racing back out to sea. Swimming straight at the shore only drains you, however strong you are. Swim parallel to the beach until you are out of the channel, then angle back in.

KEYUntil you escape it, floating and staying calm matters more than making progress.

Safety 7 / 100

Aim a fire extinguisher at the base, not the flames

Pull the pin, aim the hose at the fire, squeeze the handle, and sweep side to side like a broom. Target the base of what is burning; spraying the tips of the flames does nothing.

KEYKeep an exit at your back. If you have nowhere to retreat, do not start.

Safety 8 / 100

On a motorway, the second crash is the deadly one

Being hit while sitting in the car or standing on the hard shoulder kills far more often than the original collision. Put on hazard lights, move the car onto the shoulder, then get yourself beyond the barrier.

KEYDo not stand beside your car to make the call. Behind the barrier is the only safe place.

Safety 9 / 100

Bleach plus acidic cleaner makes toxic gas

Mixing chlorine bleach with vinegar or an acidic bathroom cleaner releases chlorine gas. A few breaths in a small bathroom is enough to damage your airway. The rule is simple: never mix cleaning products.

KEY"Mixing cleans better" is a myth. Use one, rinse it away, then use the other.

Money 10 / 100

The rule of 72 tells you when money doubles

Divide 72 by the annual rate and you get roughly how many years it takes to double. At 6% that is 12 years; at 3%, 24 years. The same maths works for inflation.

KEYWith 3% inflation, what 100,000 buys today will take 200,000 in 24 years.

Money 11 / 100

Guaranteed capital plus high returns is always a scam

High returns exist because you might lose money. Promising both at once is financially impossible. "Fixed return", "no downside" and "exclusive information" are the standard vocabulary of fraud.

KEYChecking whether a firm is actually licensed with your financial regulator takes about a minute.

Money 12 / 100

An emergency fund comes before investing

Three to six months of living costs means that when income stops, you are not forced into a high-interest loan or into selling assets at a loss. Judge this money by how fast you can reach it, not by its return.

KEYWithout it, one small accident turns into expensive debt.

Money 13 / 100

A credit score does not rise just because you owe nothing

With no borrowing history there is nothing to assess, so you start low. Scores climb when you use a card well under its limit, around 30%, and repay on time month after month.

KEYWhat damages a score most is not the amount but the missed payment itself. Never let even a small bill go past due.

Money 14 / 100

A 1% fee can cost a quarter of your money over 30 years

An annual fee removes not just that slice but everything it would have earned. At the same gross return, a 1% difference typically decides 20-25% of the final amount over 30 years.

KEYWhen comparing long-term products, the fee is the one number you actually know in advance.

Security 15 / 100

No real agency ever phones you to move money

Police, prosecutors and financial regulators do not call asking you to transfer funds or to move money into a "safe account". If they ask you to install an app, it is fraud without exception: once installed, every number you dial can be routed back to the scammer.

KEYHang up and call back on a number you looked up yourself, never one they gave you.

Security 16 / 100

Length beats complexity in a password

Four ordinary words strung together into 16 characters is far harder to crack than 8 characters of symbols and digits. What makes cracking time explode is length, not complexity.

KEYReuse matters even more. One breach opens every other account that shares that password.

Security 17 / 100

Two-factor authentication is for after your password leaks

Passwords leak eventually, somewhere. With two-factor on, knowing your password is not enough: the attacker also needs the code on your phone. Turn it on for email, banking and any account used to verify your identity.

KEYAn authenticator app beats SMS. Text codes can be stolen by hijacking your phone number.

Security 18 / 100

Never tap a link in a text; open the app yourself

Messages faking a parcel redelivery, a traffic fine or a health check-up install malware with a single tap. If the notice is real, the same message will be waiting inside the company's own app or website.

KEYThat one tap "just to check" is the infection route. Look it up in the app instead.

Rights 19 / 100

Delaying your address registration puts your deposit at risk

In many rental systems your tenant protection starts only once you have registered your address and actually moved in. Getting an official date stamp on the contract adds a claim on the deposit if the property is ever auctioned.

KEYDo both on moving day. A single day's delay can put someone else's loan ahead of you.

Rights 20 / 100

An employment contract is not a favour, it is your right

Handing you a written record of pay, hours, days off and duties is the employer's legal obligation in most countries. Not receiving one does not erase your rights, but it makes proving them much harder if there is a dispute.

KEYIf you never got one, keep your own record: shift times, instruction messages and payslips.

Rights 21 / 100

Things bought online can be returned even if you just changed your mind

Distance selling rules give you a cooling-off window after delivery, with no reason required. They exist because you bought without seeing the item, so they do not apply to purchases made in a shop.

KEYExceptions include made-to-order goods and items whose value dropped because you opened them.

Mind 22 / 100

Money already spent should not be in the decision

The ticket price for a dull film is gone whether you stay or leave. Yet people sit through two more hours because leaving feels wasteful. Letting unrecoverable costs steer you is the sunk cost fallacy.

KEYThe question is never "how much have I put in" but "which option is better from here".

Mind 23 / 100

We only notice evidence for what we already believe

Once you hold a view, supporting information jumps out and contradicting information slides past. Type a question that already contains your answer and the search will hand it back to you.

KEYWhen it matters, deliberately search for the opposing case. If your view survives that, it is worth trusting.

Mind 24 / 100

The scarier something is, the more common it looks

Plane crashes are covered heavily and remembered for years, which makes flying feel riskier than driving. Mistaking what is easy to recall for what happens often is the availability bias.

KEYJudge risk by frequency, not by memory. News reports the rare, not the routine.

Mind 25 / 100

The first number you see becomes the yardstick

Fifty with a line through a hundred looks cheap, whether or not anything ever sold at a hundred. The first figure anchors everything after it, which is also why whoever names a price first holds the advantage.

KEYDecide what it is worth to you before you look at the price tag.

Mind 26 / 100

Burnout is not laziness

When a load stays beyond what you can sustain, the body throttles output first. Cynicism, scattered focus and rest that no longer restores are the signals. Pushing through with willpower only stretches the recovery.

KEYWhat helps is not more resolve but an actual reduction in load.

People 27 / 100

An apology with "if" or "but" is not an apology

"Sorry if you were upset" quietly blames the other person's reaction. A real apology has three parts: what you did, how it affected them, and what you will do differently.

KEYSave the explanation for after the apology has landed.

People 28 / 100

The longer your excuse, the weaker your no

Give a detailed reason and the other person starts dismantling it point by point and asking again. "I can't take that on this time" ends the exchange cleanly, which is kinder to both of you.

KEYPut the warmth in your tone, not in the content. A vague yes disappoints far more later.

People 29 / 100

Acknowledgement comes before advice

Jumping to a solution tells the other person their feeling was the problem. Naming it first, as in "no wonder that made you angry", is what lets them start sorting it out themselves.

KEYIf you are unsure, just ask: "do you want me to listen, or to help you think it through?"

Health 30 / 100

You cannot repay sleep in a lump sum

Sleeping little on weekdays and catching up at weekends fills the hours but flips your body clock twice a week. It is like repeating jet lag, so the tiredness stays. Most adults need seven to nine hours a night.

KEYKeeping your wake-up time steady steadies the rhythm faster than fixing bedtime.

Health 31 / 100

Eye strain comes from distance, not from screens

Looking at something close for a long time keeps your focusing muscle contracted. Every 20 minutes, look at something about 6 metres away for 20 seconds and it releases. This helps more than adjusting brightness.

KEYConcentration cuts your blink rate by more than half, which is where most of the dryness comes from.

Health 32 / 100

Exercise counts the same whether you do it in one go or in pieces

The WHO guideline is 150 minutes of moderate activity a week. The old rule that bouts had to last at least ten minutes is gone; short bursts now count toward the total. Stairs and brisk walking are included.

KEYThe biggest health gap is not between people who do a lot and a little, but between a little and none.

Health 33 / 100

"Best before" is not "unsafe after"

A sell-by date is about how long a shop can display something; the point at which food actually stops being safe is usually later. That is why labels are shifting to use-by dates. A use-by date assumes the food was stored properly.

KEYIf chilled food has sat at room temperature for over two hours, throw it out regardless of the date.

Everyday 34 / 100

Phone batteries last longer if you stop short of 100%

Lithium-ion cells age fastest at the extremes, fully charged or fully empty. Keeping the charge roughly between 20% and 80% noticeably extends their life; the "optimised charging" setting on modern phones does exactly this.

KEYHeat is the bigger enemy. Do not charge in a hot car or under a duvet.

Everyday 35 / 100

With handwashing, time matters more than the soap

Soap's job is to break up the oily film; the dirt and germs actually leave during the scrubbing and rinsing. Around 20 seconds, including between the fingers and under the nails, is what makes it work.

KEYSanitiser is the fallback when there is no soap and water, and it works poorly on visibly dirty hands.

Everyday 36 / 100

If it takes under two minutes, delaying costs more than doing it

Postponing a two-minute task means paying for it twice: the attention spent holding it in mind, plus the time to reload it later. A lengthening to-do list is itself a source of fatigue.

KEYThe moment you think "later", check the clock. Under two minutes, doing it now is cheaper.

Everyday 37 / 100

Half of a safe second-hand deal is where you meet

Meeting somewhere busy and covered by cameras, like outside a police station or a station concourse, cuts both fraud and intimidation. If they push for payment up front or want to move to another messenger, walk away.

KEYYou can usually check a seller's account or phone number against a fraud-report database first.

Science 38 / 100

Antibiotics do nothing for a cold

Colds are caused by viruses and antibiotics only work on bacteria. Taking them anyway teaches the bacteria you do carry to survive that drug, so fewer options remain when you genuinely need one.

KEYWhen you are prescribed a course, finishing it rather than stopping once you feel better is what limits resistance.

Science 39 / 100

Averages lie when the data is lopsided

If nine people earn 2,000 a month and one earns a million, the average clears 100,000. What most people actually experience is the middle value, 2,000. Where the data is skewed, the median describes reality better.

KEYFor salaries, house prices and view counts, always look for the median alongside the average.

Science 40 / 100

A microwave heats the water, not the dish

Microwaves shake water molecules to create heat, so dry areas barely warm while wet ones get very hot. That is why food can be lukewarm on the outside and scalding in the middle.

KEYStirring once partway through evens out the temperature and shortens the total time.

Learning 41 / 100

Rereading only creates the feeling of knowing

Familiar text tricks the brain into reporting that it knows the material. Memory actually forms when you close the book and pull the answer out yourself. Five minutes on a blank page beats thirty minutes of rereading.

KEYFinding out you were wrong is uncomfortable, and that is exactly where the learning happens.

Learning 42 / 100

Cramming is gone the day after the exam

The same three hours spread over three days lasts far longer than three hours in one night. Retrieving something just as you start to forget it is the signal that tells the brain to file it as important.

KEYSpace it out for anything you want to keep. If you only need it until tomorrow, cramming is a rational choice.

Travel 43 / 100

A valid passport is not always enough to board

Many countries require six months of validity remaining from your date of entry. Even with time left on the passport, failing that rule gets you turned away at the gate. Some also check for blank visa pages.

KEYCheck the expiry date before you book. Renewals take time.

Travel 44 / 100

Paying in your home currency abroad always costs more

The merchant converts using their own rate and adds a margin, typically 3-8% worse than your card network's rate. Choosing the local currency lets your card issuer do the conversion instead.

KEYIf the terminal shows your home currency, ask them to cancel and charge in the local one.

Spending 45 / 100

Subscriptions are designed to be easier to start than to stop

A few pounds a month looks trivial on its own, but together they can outgrow your phone bill. Scan your statement for charges that repeat on the same date each month and you will always find one you no longer use.

KEYOn the day you start a free trial, put the cancellation deadline in your calendar.

Information 46 / 100

The more widely shared a story is, the more it needs a source

Shocking claims travel faster than anyone can check them. Each screenshot and summary strips away conditions and context, so what circulates often differs from what was originally said.

KEYAsk one question: who said this first, and where is the original? If there is no answer, do not pass it on.

Disaster 47 / 100

In an earthquake, cover your head before you run

Most injuries during the shaking come from falling objects and broken glass, not from collapsing buildings. Get under a table, hold onto a leg, and move outside only once the shaking stops.

KEYNever take a lift when evacuating. An aftershock can trap you between floors.

Work 48 / 100

A request without a deadline never gets answered

"Whenever you have time" carries no priority, so it slides forever. "Could you check just this part by Wednesday?" tells the other person what and when, which is what lets them decide.

KEYLeaving room to decline actually speeds up the reply. Add that they should say when it would be possible instead.

Work 49 / 100

Work expands to fill the time available

Give a task a day and it takes a day; give the same task a week and it takes a week. Slack rarely raises quality, it mostly delays the start.

KEYWhen the real deadline is far off, invent an interim one. It only works if it names a deliverable, like "draft by Friday".

Emergency 50 / 100

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are not the same thing

Sweating with dizziness and nausea usually resolves with shade, rest and fluids. But when sweating stops, the skin turns hot and dry, and speech or awareness becomes confused, that is heatstroke. Call emergency services at once, loosen clothing, and cool the neck, armpits and groin with cold wet cloths.

KEYDo not give water to anyone who is not fully alert. It goes into the airway.

Emergency 51 / 100

Trouble breathing after a sting is an emergency

Swelling and pain at the sting site alone is a normal reaction. But if hives spread over the body within minutes, the lips or throat swell, and breathing becomes difficult, that is a whole-body allergic reaction. Call emergency services immediately, lay the person down and raise their legs.

KEYIf they carry an adrenaline auto-injector for a past reaction, use it without hesitating, into the outer thigh.

Emergency 52 / 100

Do not throw away a knocked-out tooth; put it in milk

If a permanent tooth is knocked out whole, a dentist can often reimplant it within thirty to sixty minutes. Hold it by the crown, never the root, rinse it briefly under running water, then keep it submerged in milk or saline on the way.

KEYWrapping it in dry tissue kills the root cells and makes reimplantation impossible. Prolonged soaking in plain water is also harmful.

Disaster 53 / 100

In a power cut, keep the fridge door shut

Left closed, a fridge holds its temperature for about four hours and a full freezer for about forty-eight. Every opening cuts that sharply. Once power returns, check first whether frozen food thawed and refroze.

KEYUse a torch rather than candles. A large share of fires during outages start with candles.

Disaster 54 / 100

Taping windows does not help in a storm

Tape does not stop glass from breaking, and it can make things worse by turning the pane into large flying shards. What actually helps is securing the frame so the glass cannot rattle, and staying well away from windows while the storm passes.

KEYBringing in signs, plant pots and bicycles beforehand is what genuinely reduces damage.

Disaster 55 / 100

Flooded roads are dangerous at depths that look harmless

Water at knee height can sweep an adult off their feet, and water halfway up a wheel is enough to float a car. Underpasses and low ground fill within minutes. The rule is not to judge the depth but to turn around.

KEYIf a car starts to flood, open the windows immediately, regardless of the engine. Water pressure will hold the doors shut.

Health 56 / 100

Cavities form where the brush cannot reach

Decay and gum disease usually start between the teeth, because bristles do not fit into that gap. One pass with floss or an interdental brush each day therefore does more than brushing more often.

KEYBrushing hard does not help and makes gums recede. Two minutes matters far more than pressure.

Health 57 / 100

Backs are injured by angle, not by weight

Bending at the waist to reach a heavy object squeezes the disc between the vertebrae to one side. Squatting with the knees, holding the object close to your body and standing with your legs cuts the force on the back dramatically at the same weight.

KEYLifting while twisting is the most dangerous movement of all. If you need to turn, move your feet.

Health 58 / 100

Alcohol helps you fall asleep and then ruins the sleep

Alcohol shortens the time it takes to drop off, but later in the night it disrupts deep and dream sleep. That is why you wake repeatedly before dawn and feel unrested despite the hours. The body clears alcohol at a fixed rate, roughly one drink an hour, and nothing speeds it up.

KEYWater, coffee and sweating do not accelerate the process. Only time does.

Everyday 59 / 100

Clothes shrink because of temperature, not detergent

Cotton and wool contract in hot water and in a tumble dryer's heat. Following the water temperature number and the dryer symbol on the label prevents most laundry disasters. Colours also bleed far more at high temperatures.

KEYWashing cold keeps clothes usable for longer and cuts the water heating that accounts for most of a washing machine's electricity.

Everyday 60 / 100

Drying matters more than scrubbing when it comes to mould

Mould only grows where there is moisture, so wiping the surface brings it back in the same spot within days. Drying surfaces after use and opening windows on two sides for a few minutes twice a day is what actually stops it.

KEYAlways ventilate when drying laundry indoors. One load releases several litres of water into the air.

Everyday 61 / 100

Your electricity bill is decided by the tier, not the total

Household electricity is usually priced in tiers, with the rate jumping as usage rises. Saving the same ten kilowatt-hours can be worth several times more depending on which tier you are in. Just below a threshold, a small reduction pays off disproportionately.

KEYStandby power matters far less than anything that makes heat: heating, hot water, dryers and keep-warm settings dominate the bill.

Money 62 / 100

A deduction and a credit are not the same size

A deduction reduces the income your tax is calculated on, so it is worth more to someone in a higher tax band. A credit is subtracted from the tax itself, so it is worth the same to everyone. The same nominal amount returns different money.

KEYKnowing which one you are looking at is usually enough to decide what to claim first.

Money 63 / 100

For a small claim, paying yourself can be cheaper

Making a claim raises your premium for several years afterwards. When the repair costs about the same as your excess, the total extra premium often exceeds what you would receive. Ask your insurer for the surcharge threshold and the arithmetic becomes straightforward.

KEYDo still report the incident. If the other party later changes their account or reports an injury, having no record puts you at a disadvantage.

Money 64 / 100

One property register check prevents most rental disasters

The register lists every loan and seizure already attached to the property. If the debt ranking ahead of your deposit approaches the value of the home, an auction will never reach your position. Check it twice: on signing and again on the day you pay the balance.

KEYYou can also check whether the landlord owes back taxes, which can rank ahead of your deposit.

Work 65 / 100

Put the conclusion in the subject line

A subject like "About the meeting" forces the reader to open it to find out anything. "Request to move the 3 October meeting (reply needed)" tells them what it is and what they must do, and it typically brings the reply days sooner.

KEYThe body works the same way. Lead with the request and put the background after it, not before.

Work 66 / 100

A handover passes on context, not files

Give someone only folder locations and steps and they will repeat the same mistakes, because they do not know why anything is done that way. What they actually need is what went wrong last time, who makes the final call, and what must not be touched.

KEYBefore you leave, have them do it once with you beside them. Reading a document and doing the task are not the same.

Work 67 / 100

A meeting without decisions and owners never happened

However carefully you transcribe the discussion, nobody reads it the following week. Three things are worth recording: what was decided, who owns it, and by when. Without those, the meeting might as well not have taken place.

KEYRead those three lines aloud before people leave the room. It removes the later argument about what was agreed.

People 68 / 100

A small request first works better than one big ask

Open with a large request and it is easily refused, and someone who has refused once finds it easier to refuse again. Ask for something small first, and when it goes well the other person is left remembering themselves as someone who helps you.

KEYTell them how it turned out afterwards. Knowing where their effort went is what makes the next request easy.

People 69 / 100

Praise the action, not the person

A child told they are clever starts avoiding hard problems where they might fail, because cleverness is what is being tested. Saying "you kept trying that approach to the end, that was good" points at something done, and they do it again.

KEYAdults are no different. Naming one specific thing that worked lands far better than a general compliment.

Information 70 / 100

Read the middle ratings, not the stars

Five-star and one-star reviews are written at peak emotion. The genuinely useful detail sits in the three and four-star reviews, because those list what worked and what did not. Check the number of reviews and their dates before the average score.

KEYRepeated sentence patterns or a cluster of reviews within a few days usually means they were manufactured.

Information 71 / 100

A chart can lie just by cutting the axis

Start the vertical axis somewhere other than zero and a 1% difference looks like a cliff. Uneven spacing on the horizontal axis, or showing only the flattering stretch of time, does the same job. The numbers are true while the picture is false.

KEYLook at the scale and starting point of both axes before you look at the shape of the line.

Spending 72 / 100

Sleep on any large purchase

"Today only" exists to remove the time you would use to decide. After a night, it usually becomes clear whether you needed the thing or were reacting to a moment. Anything you genuinely need will still be needed tomorrow.

KEYLeave it in the basket and look again the next day. You will delete more than you expect.

Spending 73 / 100

Keep the receipt rather than the warranty card

Warranty periods are usually counted from the date of purchase, and paper cards are easy to lose. A photo of the card statement or the order screen proves that date. It is the date, not the card, that repair centres actually ask for.

KEYPhotograph the model number and the installer's card too. Years later it saves a lot of time when hunting for parts.

Emergency 74 / 100

Don't tilt your head back for a nosebleed

Tilting back sends blood down the throat, where it is swallowed and can cause vomiting or go into the airway. Lean slightly forward and pinch the soft part of the nose, just below the bony bridge, firmly and without letting go for at least 10 minutes. Releasing early to check means starting over.

KEYIf it hasn't stopped after 20 minutes, or it started after a blow to the head, get medical help straight away.

Emergency 75 / 100

Put nothing in the mouth of someone having a seizure

Pushing in a spoon or fingers to stop them biting their tongue can break teeth or get you bitten. Don't hold them down to stop the movements either. Move hard objects away, put something soft under their head and note the time it started. When it ends, roll them onto their side to keep the airway open.

KEYCall emergency services if it lasts more than 5 minutes, or if another seizure starts before they wake up.

Safety 76 / 100

Never burn charcoal or run a heater inside a tent or car

Carbon monoxide has no colour or smell and builds up while you sleep. Headache, dizziness, nausea and drowsiness come first, and they are easy to mistake for tiredness before you drift off. Opening a window a crack does not make it safe. Use fire only outdoors, and take a carbon monoxide alarm when camping.

KEYIf several people get headaches and feel dizzy at the same time, suspect carbon monoxide and get outside immediately.

Safety 77 / 100

Don't grab someone who is being electrocuted

If current is still flowing through them, whoever grabs them is shocked too. First switch off the power at the breaker or pull the plug. If you can't, separate the person from the wire using something that doesn't conduct, such as a dry wooden stick. Avoid wet hands and wet floors.

KEYOnce they are free, call emergency services and start chest compressions if they don't respond. Even if they seem fine, get them checked by a doctor.

Safety 78 / 100

If you're stuck in a lift, don't force the doors

Lifts hang from several cables and have emergency brakes, so a stuck car falling is extremely rare. The real danger is squeezing out between floors and falling into the gap or getting caught. Press the alarm or intercom button and wait.

KEYIf the alarm doesn't work, phone building management or emergency services and give the lift's ID number or the building address.

Health 79 / 100

Check the ingredients before taking cold medicine with a painkiller

Many combination cold remedies contain acetaminophen (paracetamol), a pain and fever reducer. Take a separate painkiller with the same ingredient and you can pass the daily maximum without realising it, which can damage the liver. Different brand names can hide the same ingredient.

KEYWhen taking two or more medicines together, ask a pharmacist whether the ingredients overlap. Alcohol adds to the strain on the liver.

Health 80 / 100

Apply sunscreen more thickly, and more often, than you think

The protection factor on the label is measured with a fairly thick layer, so the amount most people apply gives only part of the stated protection. Sweat, water and rubbing wear it off, so reapply every two hours and straight after swimming.

KEYA good share of UV gets through cloud. Go by how long you are outdoors, not by the weather.

Money 81 / 100

Paying only the card minimum makes the debt grow

Paying the minimum or using a revolving plan eases this month, but the rest rolls over at one of the highest rates the card charges. Add new spending on top and you can end up paying mostly interest while the balance barely moves.

KEYCheck your card settings once to make sure no automatic minimum-payment or revolving plan has been switched on.

Security 82 / 100

Lost your phone? Lock it before you try to find it

From another device or computer, use the phone's find-my-device feature to see where it is, then lock it remotely or show a contact number on the screen. Next, report the loss to your carrier to suspend the line, so no one can receive verification texts sent to your number.

KEYIf getting it back looks unlikely, erase it remotely and change the passwords for your bank and main accounts.

People 83 / 100

Sleep on a message written in anger

When emotions run high, we read the other person's words in the worst light and hear our own as gentler than they are. Write everything you want to say in a note with no recipient filled in. Reread it the next day and you will usually find things to change, and often no need to send it at all.

KEYIf you must reply quickly, buy time with one line: 'Got it. I'll come back to you once I've thought it through.'

Learning 84 / 100

To find out if you understand, try explaining it

Material that seemed to flow while reading gets stuck once you try to explain it aloud. Those sticking points are exactly what you don't yet know. You don't need a listener. Imagine talking to a beginner and explain it without jargon.

KEYGo back over only the parts where you got stuck, then explain again. It is much faster than rereading from the start.

Everyday 85 / 100

A blunt knife is more dangerous than a sharp one

A blunt knife doesn't bite, so you press harder, and it slips off the surface into your hand. A sharp knife goes where you aim with little force and is easier to control. With round foods, cut one side first and set the flat face down so it can't roll.

KEYNever try to catch a falling knife. Step back and let it drop.

Travel 86 / 100

Prepare for a lost passport before you leave

Photograph the passport's photo page on your phone, and keep a paper copy and two passport photos in a different bag from the passport. If you lose it abroad, first get a loss report from the local police, then take it to your embassy or consulate to apply for an emergency passport or travel document.

KEYWrite down your embassy's address and phone number before you go. If your phone is lost too, you will have no way to look them up.

Information 87 / 100

Think about location data before posting a photo

Smartphone photos can store the coordinates of where they were taken. Many social networks strip this on upload, but it stays when you send the original file or post to some sites. Be extra careful with photos taken at home or at a child's school.

KEYTurn off location saving in the camera app, or switch off location in the share screen before sending.

Disaster 88 / 100

Fill your emergency bag with water and a torch first

After a major disaster, it can take days for rescue and supplies to arrive. Plan on about 3 litres of water per person per day for at least three days, and pack a torch with spare batteries, regular medicines, some cash, copies of ID and a power bank for your phone.

KEYPick a date twice a year to check the expiry dates on water and medicines, and replace the batteries.

Emergency 89 / 100

Don't suck out venom after a snake bite

Sucking the wound or cutting it open removes almost no venom and only raises the risk of infection. Tying the limb tightly can also damage the tissue. Movement spreads venom faster, so keep the person lying still and take off anything tight such as rings or a watch.

KEYCall emergency services at once and get them to hospital with the bitten area kept below heart level.

Safety 90 / 100

Never pour water on burning oil

When water hits hot oil it boils instantly into steam and flings the burning oil in every direction. Flames shooting up to the ceiling are common. First turn off the heat, then smother the pan with its lid or a large baking tray to cut off the air. Carrying a burning pan is dangerous too.

KEYKeep a fire extinguisher rated for cooking oil fires in the kitchen, and a lid within reach of the hob.

Money 91 / 100

Save on payday, not from what's left over

If you plan to save whatever is left after spending, there is usually nothing left. Spending grows to match the money in your account. If a set amount moves automatically into savings on the day your pay arrives, you end up fitting your life around what remains.

KEYSet a standing transfer for the day after payday, start with a small amount and raise it bit by bit.

Security 92 / 100

Reuse a password and one breach opens everything

When member details leak from one website, attackers automatically try those usernames and passwords on other sites. If you use the same password, your email, shopping and banking accounts can open one after another without you doing anything wrong.

KEYGive your most important accounts their own passwords first, and use a password manager if remembering them is hard.

Rights 93 / 100

Never sign a contract with blanks left in it

If you sign a contract with empty spaces, whatever the other party later writes into them can look as though you agreed to it. Fill in or strike through any blank spaces, such as amounts, dates or special terms, and draw a line or write "nothing follows" below the final clause.

KEYAlways keep your own copy of a signed contract, and if you cannot get one, photograph every page.

Mind 94 / 100

Things always take longer than you expect

When people plan, they picture the case where everything goes smoothly. Interruptions, waiting time and unexpected problems drop out of the sum. So even for tasks they have underestimated many times before, they set too short a schedule again. This is called the planning fallacy.

KEYInstead of asking how long it will take, base your estimate on how long a similar job actually took last time.

People 95 / 100

"Let's meet sometime" only becomes a plan with a date

"We should grab a meal sometime" usually ends right there, even when both people mean it. Neither of them is responsible for suggesting a date first. If you really want to meet, proposing two or three dates on the spot is the easiest way to keep the relationship going.

KEYOffer dates the other person can choose from, such as "How about next Tuesday or Thursday evening?"

Health 96 / 100

Late-afternoon coffee makes your sleep shallower

It usually takes around five hours for half the caffeine to leave your body. In one experiment, caffeine taken six hours before bed still cut sleep by almost an hour. Even if you do fall asleep, you may get less deep sleep and wake up unrefreshed.

KEYIf you sleep badly, keep coffee to the morning and early lunchtime, and count the caffeine in tea and cola too.

Everyday 97 / 100

Thaw frozen meat in the fridge, not on the counter

Left out at room temperature, the surface sits for hours at temperatures where bacteria thrive before the middle has even thawed. Thawing slowly in the fridge avoids that range. If you are in a hurry, seal it and submerge it in cold water, changing the water every 30 minutes.

KEYMove tomorrow's meat to the fridge the night before, and don't refreeze meat once it has thawed.

Learning 98 / 100

Mixing problem types beats practising one type in a row

Solving the same type of problem over and over feels like quick progress because the method is already decided. In an exam, though, you first have to choose which method to use. Mixing types means more mistakes at first, but it trains that choice, and the skill lasts longer.

KEYOnce you have learned a unit, slip a few problems from earlier units into each practice session.

Travel 99 / 100

Beat jet lag with daylight at your destination

Light is the strongest signal for resetting your body clock. Adjusting to each time zone usually takes about a day. After flying east, getting morning daylight at your destination helps shift the clock; after flying west, afternoon and evening daylight helps instead.

KEYOn the day you arrive, keep naps short and eat and go to bed on local time.

Information 100 / 100

The top search results are often adverts

The first few lines of search results are often adverts whose place was paid for. They carry only a small "Ad" or "Sponsored" label and look almost identical to the other results. Some even imitate official websites.

KEYWhen looking for an official site or customer service, check for the ad label and look at the address in the address bar too.

That's all 100 cards

Shuffle and go again: recalling something just as you start to forget it is what makes it stick.

0 / 100

What this tool does

A card feed of things worth knowing once in your life, split one idea per card across 100 cards. Each takes about half a minute, and scrolling snaps the next card neatly into place. It covers sixteen fields: first aid, safety, money, security, rights, the mind, relationships, health, everyday life, science, learning, travel, spending, information, disasters and work.

How it is calculated

Every card is rendered on the server, so the whole set is readable even with JavaScript off. Scroll snapping stops on one card at a time, and the arrow keys or space bar work too. Shuffling reorders the cards only, because meeting something again just as you start to forget it is what makes it stick.

  • Scroll or press space from the cover to move to the next card.
  • Each card ends with a one-line key takeaway.
  • The bar at the bottom shows which card you are on.
  • When you reach the end, shuffle and run through them again.

Things to know

  • A few cards a day sticks better than reading all of them at once.
  • After reading, cover the screen and say the key point out loud.
  • In a real emergency there is no time to look anything up, so reading the safety cards in advance is the whole point.
  • On a keyboard, the up and down arrows move between cards.

Frequently asked questions

Is this professional advice?

No. These are short summaries of widely published public safety guidance and general knowledge. The first aid and health cards do not replace trained responders, emergency services or a doctor. Legal, tax and financial points vary by country and change over time, so treat them as a starting point.

How many cards are there and what do they cover?

Seventy-three, spread across sixteen fields: first aid, safety, money, security, rights, the mind, relationships, health, everyday life, science, learning, travel, spending, information, disasters and work.

Does shuffling change the content?

No, only the order you see them in. Meeting the same card in a different order helps it settle in memory, which is why the button exists.

Is anything stored or sent?

Nothing. Your position and order are never sent to a server and there is nothing to type in. Close the page and nothing remains.

Can I read this in another language?

Yes, in Korean and Japanese. All 100 cards are translated. Add ?lang=ko or ?lang=ja to the address, or use the language switch on the portal.

The first aid and health cards are general information and do not replace diagnosis or treatment. In an emergency, call your local emergency number first.

← oco.kr